硅酸盐学报

高堎汉墓酥粉灰陶文物的病变机理

单位：1. 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所古陶瓷研究中心上海 200050 2. 古陶瓷科学研究国家文物局重点科研基地上海 200050 3. 西北大学文化遗产学院西安 710069 4. 秦始皇帝陵博物院西安 710600

关键词：高堎汉墓灰陶文物酥粉可溶盐微裂纹

分类号：TB321

出版年,卷(期):页码：2014,42(9):00-00

DOI：

摘要：

利用超景深显微系统、扫描电子显微镜、离子色谱和X 射线衍射等分析了典型酥粉陶质文物样品的化学成分、微观形貌以及含有的可溶盐离子成分、浓度。结果表明：含量占样品总质量3.00%~10.00%的可溶盐NaCl和NaNO3是导致文物酥粉的主要原因。通过可溶盐溶液在陶质样品中的结晶动力学分析以及在模拟陶质样品中的结晶破坏过程，证实陶质样品的破坏本质在于可溶盐结晶受力过程中微裂纹的扩展和贯通。在环境相对湿度变化引起裂纹扩展贯通过程中，样品质量、形貌、孔径和强度都发生一定程度的变化，其中，NaCl结晶体对陶质样品产生的负压压力较大，破坏性最强。

The properties of typical efflorescence gray potteries (i.e., composition, micro-morphology, salt contents and concentration) were analyzed by digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ion chromatography and X-ray diffractometry, respectively. The results indicate that the soluble salts like NaCl and NaNO3 with the contents of 3.00%~10.00% in the ancient pottery have an effect on the pottery efflorescence and decay. The interaction of soluble salt and the effect of salt on the pottery was investigated via the analysis of salt crystallization kinetics and the failure process of simulated gray pottery samples. The growth and connection of the micro-cracks in the particles of samples under the stress of salt crystallization are the destructive nature of pottery efflorescence. The significant properties (i.e., quality, morphology, pore size distribution and flexural strength) of simulated potteries in the salt crystallization vary with the environmental relative humidity. The most devastating salt is the crystallized sodium chloride, which causes the gray pottery efflorescence.

基金项目：

国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”计划)( 2012CB720901)；国家自然科学基金青年基金(51302302)；国家自然科学基金重点项目(51232008)资助。

作者简介：

第一作者：赵静(1981—)，女，博士研究生。通信作者：罗宏杰（1955—），男，博士，教授。

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